Risk Management When Working At Height

bump Management When studying At HeightThe rulers apply to completely go bad at height where in that respect is a venture of a fall liable to ca drop mortalal injury. They place duties on employers, the self-employed, and any person who controls the live on of otherwises. These regulations have been made to prevent the Deaths and Injuries caused each year by falls at work. They also REPLACE all the earlier regulations ab unwrap operative at height and enforce European Council Directive 2001/45/EC concerning synthetic rubber and wellness for use of equipment for work at height (the Temporary Work at Height Directive). The objective of this paper is to identify relevant topical anesthetic laws related to work at height and examined the shortcoming from the laws. In Malaysia, the practice of prophylactic including at mental synthesis sites is regulated by two main Acts. The Factories and Machinery (FMA) Act, 1967 is widely use by the De subroutinement of Occupational safe and Health (DOSH) to make original the safety, health and welf be at workplace. mavin of the regulations under the act, Building Operation of Work Engineering and tress (BOWEC) is created specially to focus on the activities at construction industries. The are the heavy subscribe toments regulated by the government in related to operative at height such as Regulation 12,Regulation 15, Regulation 39,Regulation 40,Regulation 41,and Regulation 42 using in this paper. To solve these problems, we learn an improvement strategy that an employer must do allthing reasonably possible to prevent any unrivalled from falling, hazards situation, and carry out a risk assessment before working at height and take precautions where a person plunder fall a distance of more than 2m. If there is an increased risk of injury when falling a distance of less than 2m. The whole construction process should be planned to minimise the risk of falls. cooking work to minimise the need to work at h eight, and adding safety using guard rails, catch netting and barriers can reduce the risk. The results, construction professionals and the workers must be concerned with the construction process where the both professional and legal duties to take care, not only of their own health and safety at work, but the health and safety of others who might be put at risk by their acts and omissions.Keywords Regulations, workings At Height, Construction Industries, RisksIntroductionOver the years scenario of construction effort becomes more challenging. Accidents happen at construction site are always at everywhere specially in high rise construction. To date, mint especially safety players in construction testament find the best method in combating such accidents from happen.Working at height is de bewitchingd as working at a place from which a person could be injured by falling from it, regardless of whether it is above, at or below ground level. Working at height describes work undert aken off the ground. Commonly, it involves the use of scaffolds, ladders, hoists, gantries or general roof work. Working at height can result in junk falling on workers or even workers falling from heights.Problem StatementConstruction industry has been identifying by DOSH as among the highest activity contributed to the accident at workplace. Among the about hazardous activities at the building construction site is working at the building construction site working at height. Statistics indicate that almost one in three accidents involving working at height is fatal. Table 1.1 shows the statistic of fatality at construction site reported to DOSH from 1999 to 2004.Table 1.1 Fatality at Construction Sites in MalaysiaSource Department of Occupational safety and HealthMost accidents occur as a result of poor management control, which includes such failures asNot recognising that a problem exists before it results in an accidentNot designing and enforcing safe carcasss of workNot pro viding adequate information, instruction or learningPoor supervisionNot providing appropriate equipment or not using the right equipment for the jobObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to identify relevant local laws related to working at height and examined the shortcoming from the laws.Project StrategyIdentify the local laws related to working at height.Identify the shortcoming telescopeWork at Height Regulations state that all employers have a duty of care to view that work at height is properly planned, fittingly supervised and carried out in a safe mannerLocal LawIn Malaysia, the practice of safety including at construction sites is regulated by two main Acts. The Factories and Machinery (FMA) Act, 1967 is widely use by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) to make sure the safety, health and welfare at workplace. One of the regulations under the act, Building Operation of Work Engineering and Construction (BOWEC) is created specially to focus on the act ivities at construction industries. The act clearly emphasized on the safety and health at different elements of construction such as machineries, working and load platform, scaffolding, floor opening, and electrical safety. Indeed FMA only enforceable to factories and machinery in which it is affected as prescriptive, rigid and too dependant to government enforcement that make it ineffective in controlling the issues of occupational safety and health at workplace.The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) has been enacted in 1994 as a reinforcement to the FMA. The objectives of the act are to secure the safety health and welfare of worker, to protect person at workplace against of hazard, to promote the occupational environment adaptable to the persons physiological and psychological needs and to provide the means towards a legislative system based on regulations and industry codes of practice in combination with the provisions of the act. The philosophy of the act is the responsibilities to ensure safety and health at the workplace lies with those who create the risk and with those who work with the risk. In respect to the above philosophy, construction industries are expected to comply with the provision of the act such as general duty of employer and employee, the requirement of safety officer regulation, the requirements of safety and health committee and responsibilities of reporting of accident an dangerous occurrences.The followings are the legal requirements regulated by the government in related to working at height.Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health Welfare) Regulation 1970Regulation 12 Working at a heightWhere any person is required to work at a place from which he will be liable to fall a distance of more then 10 feet, means shall be provided to ensure his safety and such means shall where practicable include the use of safety belts or ropes.Any person, who commits an offence against these regulations, shall on conviction be l iable to a exquisite not exceeding one thousand ringgit.Factories and Machinery (Building Operations and Works Of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations, 1986Part V Cleaning, Repairing and Maintenance of Roofs, Gutters, Windows, Louvers and VentilatorsRegulation 39 Duties of employersEvery employer shall provide and require his employee to use while engaged in the cleaning, repairing and maintenance of roof, gutters, windows, louvers and ventilators.All means of access to roofs, gutters, windows, louvers, ventilators and other fixtures, parts or equipment which require periodical cleaning or maintenance shall be maintained in good and safe order and condition.Regulation 40 Work on steep roofsWhere work is being performed on roofs having a slope greater than one in four, there shall be provided protection against sliding, consisting of roofing brackets or crawling boards.The provision of sub-regulation (1) shall not apply where every employee engaged in work upon such roo fs is protected by a safety belt.Regulation 41 Construction and installation of roofing bracketsRoofing brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and when in use shall provide a level working platform.Roofing bracket shall be secured in place by nailing pointed metal projection attached to the underside of the bracket and securely driven into the roof or by secure rope passes over the ridge back and tied.Regulation 42 Crawling boardsCrawling board shall not be less than 250 millimetres wide and 25 millimetres thick and shall have cleats at least(prenominal) 38 millimetres wide, spaced at equal intervals not more than 310 millimetres apart across the full width of the board and firmly nailed. Such boards shall extend from the ridge pole to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair or maintenance.Any person, who commits an offence against these regulations, shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit.Occupatio nal Safety and Health Act 1994Section 15 General duties of employers and self-employed person to their employees of Occupational Safety and Health Acct 1994 clearly stated the employer responsibilities as follow-It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees.Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the matters to which the duty extends include in particular -The provision and maintenance of plant and system of work that are, as far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health.The making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as is practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substancesThe provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety and health at work of his employeesS o far as is practicable, as regards any place of work under the control of the employer or self-employed person, the maintenance of it in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks.The provision and maintenance of a working environment for his employees that is, so far as is practicable, safe, without risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities for heir welfare at work.Failure to comply with the above requirements, employer shall be guilt-ridden of an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.ResearchShortcomingsThe awareness of safety at workplace in Malaysia has emerged since 1967 with the introduction of the FMA. The regulation of BOWEC under FMA came into force on 1986 with the aims to control the safety at construction sites. OSHA ena cted in 1994 with the same purpose to strengthen the control of safety health and welfare at workplace. In 2001, DOSH began to implement occupational safety and health inspection at construction site (Building Construction Safety Audit) for every four month in order to ensure the OSH elements are in place, adequate and effective in protecting the safety and health of workers subsequently preventing incidents.Unfortunately accidents and fatalities rates at construction sites still high. In Malaysia, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chairman Tan Sri Lee Lam They s forethought the country recorded 6.7 accidents per 1,000 workers in 2005 while the average in developed nations stood at only three to four accidents per 1,000 workers.A construction site normally considered as a dangerous place. A bear-sized number of people die in them every year. Many site injuries result from people falling from social organizations like roofs and scaffolds, or being hit by falling objects. There is nearly always keen competition for new contracts and site personnel are often under pressure to work to strong time and cost constraints. It is hardly surprising that safety is often neglected.Improvement StrategyAn employers dutiesAn employer must do everything reasonably possible to prevent anyone from falling. This includesavoiding all work at height wherever possibleUse suitable equipment to aid work at height is there is no other method of carrying out the work from a place which is not at height.Do everything possible to minimise the height at which the person whitethorn fall from and minimise the consequences should soulfulness fall.This means thatAll work at height is properly planned and organisedAll work at height takes into consideration weather conditions which may adversely affect the work in progress.Employees who are involved are trained and competentThe environment where the work is carried out is safeEquipment use to aid work at height is regularly inspected and is suitable for useThe risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlledRisks from falling objects are properly controlledHazardswaterfall from heights are a regular cause of fatal and serious injuries. There are three main hazards associated with work at heightsFalls.Falling objects.Falls from collapsing structures.Risk AssessmentCarry out a risk assessment before working at height to find out what health and safety measures need to be adopted to avoid or reduce risk. Work should be done at a safe level to minimize risk. If this is not possible, consider the followingThe physical condition of the people involved e.g. age, fitness, pregnancy, vertigo, etcThe activityEquipment to be usedLocation, e.g. near or over water, roads, under power lines, over raked stage, etcThe environment, e.g. weather, temperature, ruborDuration of the workCondition and stability of the work surfaces.Precautionary MeasuresFallsPrecautions must be taken where a person can fall a distance of more than 2m. If there is an increased risk of injury when falling a distance of less than 2m, e.g. working near a traffic travel plan or above a dangerous surface, suitable precautions will also be required.There are many ways of preventing falls of people acuity protection, e.g. toe boards, guard railsSafety harnessesMaintaining a safe distance from an edgeSafety nets.Falling objectsTo prevent objects falling onto people you need a proper management system whichProvides barriers, e.g. a toe boards or mesh guards to prevent items from slipping or being knocked off the edge of a structureSecures objects to the structure, e.g. lashing of scaffold boardsEnsures that there are no loose objects and that any tools are properly securedCreates an exclusion zone, where necessary, beneath areas where work is taking place.In addition, when people are working at heights above other work areas, it is advisable to provide safety helmets to protect the workers below against falling objects. Danger areas can be clearly marked with suitable safety signs indicating that access is restricted to essential personnel wearing hard hats while this work is in progress.Falls from collapsing structuresStructures need to be designed to be safe and to be built by competent people. The skills, knowledge and experience of the designer will depend upon the record of the structure concerned and the use or uses to which it is put.A competent person should inspect and attach a notice to a structure after achievement and before it is put into use. Further inspections on a regular basis (at least weekly) and after severe weather (external structures) or if the structure is significantly altered, will also be needed.ConclusionThe working at height is part of important work in construction sector. Meanwhile, construction sector is an important part of the economy in most countries, yet is generally considered to be dangerous, dirty, hard and unreliable. In spite of the low attentio n often given to construction sites injuries in many countries, the statistics continue to be alarming. Construction workers are two to three times more likely to die on the job than workers in other industries while the risk of serious injury is almost three times higher. The construction professionals and the workers concerned with the construction process have both professional and legal duties to take care, not only of their own health and safety at work, but the health and safety of others who might be put at risk by their acts and omissions.